Other ubiquitous heavy minerals include ilmenite, magnetite, hematite, pseudobrookite, leucoxene, pyroxene, staurolite, sillimanite, and epidote. This contrasts with most garnets elsewhere that have much lower REE levels (<0.06 wt%). We present modal mineralogy of the sieved, 0.5-1.0 mm and 99.8% of the total REE. This study examines mineralogy of the panned HMC samples and chemical composition of garnet that comprises 25-28 wt% of the HMC samples. La to Eu), anomalous concentrations of HREE in heavy mineral concentrate (HMC) fractions of stream sediment samples at Loss Creek on southern Vancouver Island are intriguing. Because deposits of HREE are rare compared with those of light REE (LREE, i.e. They also occur in Zr-minerals such as zircon and eudialyte, and in some Mn-rich garnets containing up to 2.64 wt% Y₂O₃. Some are recovered from placer and peralkaline intrusion-hosted deposits, with gadolinite (Y₂FeBe₂Si₂O₁₀), xenotime (YPO₄), and REE-bearing Ta-Nb oxides being the main hosts of these metals. Sc, Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) are produced from ion adsorption clay deposits in southern China. Rare earth elements (REE), including Sc, Y, and lanthanides (La to Lu), are increasingly important in high-technology industries and are considered ‘critical’ materials. More recently gold exploration has surged, echoing the recognition of geological potential that opened up the province more than 150 years ago.Ī.S. A fourth remains on care and maintenance awaiting sustained higher copper prices.Ī combination if geological endowment, engineering expertise, demand from Asia and access to infrastructure has made these deposits viable since the 1960s. Four major porphyry mines are in operation today. The South Central Region also serves southern population centres with industrial minerals and construction materials but the mining industry is dominated by bulk tonnage, low grade porphyry Cu-Au and Cu-Mo deposits.
The mineral potential of the northern Vancouver Island is considerable and parts of it remain underexplored.
Some sparsely populated areas, such as northern Vancouver Island that have resource-based economies, maintain active mineral exploration industries. Many of the largest quarries make use of the Fraser River and tidewater for efficient transportation of low unit value commodities. In the Southwest, with large coastal population centres, the industry is mainly mining for construction materials to feed growing cities.
The exploration and mining industries of the Southwest and South Central regions reflect geography as much as geological endowments.
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